ABAP正确定义后台作业的姿势

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前言：

SAP中相同程序的后台作业如果在同一时间段内有多个作业在重复执行，可能会导致数据（凭证、主数据、操作）重复（因锁时间差）问题或者每个job都执行时间很长（因为互相锁，导致交替执行，锁的时候就要等待）。

为此，ABAP在释放后台作业的时候，应该考虑判断一下后台是否有相同程序的作业处于未完成状态，如果有则不创建新的作业。

当然，其实最好是有专门的工具来管理作业，到了触发点自动向SAP下发作业，这样不用在SM37里设置死的话作业的监控和管理都更灵活了。SAP合作伙伴有类似的工具，叫CPS，很多大公司都在用。

cps是一个组件包，打到基于SAP Java底层的系统里就能用了。

以下是SAP关于cps的简介

https://blogs.sap.com/2012/04/02/sap-central-process-scheduling-by-redwood-cps/

SAP网站上说最新的管理后台作业的组件已经升级为BPA了，可以从cps进行升级。

https://blogs.sap.com/2015/03/23/sap-business-process-automation-by-redwood/

以下是最佳实践：

代码来源于程序SAPRSEUT

START-OF-SELECTION.

* Einplanen Neuer Verwendungsnachweis falls noch niemals gelaufen oder
* neue Version gebraucht wird.
  PERFORM schedule_wul_job. 

FORM schedule_wul_job.
  DATA:
    l_sap_cus        TYPE sysysid,
    l_job_program    TYPE syrepid,
    l_job_start_date TYPE tbtco-sdlstrtdt,
    l_job_start_time TYPE tbtco-sdlstrttm,
    l_job_exists     TYPE abap_bool,
    l_seltype(8)     TYPE c,
    l_sap            TYPE sychar01,
    l_version_wrong  TYPE sychar01,
    l_upgrade_or_sp  TYPE sychar01.

* Prüfen, ob SAP internes System
  CALL FUNCTION 'TR_SYS_PARAMS'
    IMPORTING
      systemtype = l_sap_cus
    EXCEPTIONS
      OTHERS     = 0.

  CALL FUNCTION 'RS_WHERE_USED_LIST_CHECK_STATE'
    IMPORTING
      version_wrong = l_version_wrong
      upgrade_or_sp = l_upgrade_or_sp
      sap           = l_sap.

  IF l_version_wrong NE space OR
* In SAP internen Systemen wird auch bei Upgrade oder SP neuer Index aufgebaut
  (  l_upgrade_or_sp NE space AND l_sap_cus = 'SAP' ).
    IF l_sap = abap_true.
      l_job_program = 'SAPRSEUB'.
    ELSE.
      l_job_program = 'SAPRSEUC'.
    ENDIF.

    IF l_seltype = 'SAP'.
      l_job_program = 'SAPRSEUB'.
    ELSEIF l_seltype = 'CLIENT'.
      l_job_program = 'SAPRSEUC'.
    ENDIF.

    l_job_start_date = sy-datum.
    l_job_start_time = '200000'.                              " 20:00

    IF sy-uzeit GE l_job_start_time.
      l_job_start_date = sy-datum + 1.
    ENDIF.

    PERFORM read_job USING 'EU_INIT' l_job_program l_job_exists.
    IF l_job_exists = space.
      PERFORM generate_job
        USING 'EU_INIT' l_job_program
              l_job_start_date l_job_start_time.
    ENDIF.
  ENDIF.
ENDFORM. 

FORM read_job USING jobname programname found.

*  INCLUDE lbtchdef.  " the INCLUDE statement is commented out and the 'btc_...' constants below are replaced,
  " otherwise there are package check errors (rd 12/2006)

  DATA: l_job_set TYPE tbtco OCCURS 0,
        l_job     TYPE tbtco.

  DATA BEGIN OF step_list OCCURS 1.
  INCLUDE STRUCTURE tbtcstep.
  DATA END OF step_list.

  found = space.

  CLEAR l_job_set.

  SELECT * FROM tbtco
     INTO TABLE l_job_set
     WHERE ( jobname =  jobname OR jobname = 'SAPRSEUB'
             OR jobname = 'SAPRSEUC' OR jobname = 'SAPRSEUD' )

           AND
  status  IN ('S','Z','R') .  " btc_released, btc_put_active, btc_running

  CHECK sy-subrc = 0.                                       " E X I T

  CLEAR l_job.
  LOOP AT l_job_set INTO l_job.

    CLEAR step_list. REFRESH step_list.
    CALL FUNCTION 'BP_JOB_READ'
      EXPORTING
        job_read_jobcount = l_job-jobcount
        job_read_jobname  = l_job-jobname
        job_read_opcode   = 20    " btc_read_all_jobdata
      TABLES
        job_read_steplist = step_list
      EXCEPTIONS
        OTHERS            = 01.

    CHECK sy-subrc = 0.                                     " E X I T

    LOOP AT step_list.                                  "#EC CI_NOORDER
      IF step_list-program = programname.
        found = abap_true.
        EXIT.                                           "#EC CI_NOORDER
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.

  ENDLOOP.

ENDFORM.
FORM generate_job USING jobname   programname
                        startdate starttime.

  DATA: rdd_jobname  LIKE tbtco-jobname,
        rdd_report   LIKE sy-repid,
        rdd_username LIKE tbtco-authcknam,
        rdd_strttime LIKE tbtco-sdlstrttm,
        rdd_strtdate LIKE tbtco-sdlstrtdt,
        rdd_jobcount LIKE tbtco-jobcount,
        return_code  LIKE sy-subrc.

  rdd_username = sy-uname.
  rdd_jobname = jobname.
  rdd_report  = programname.
  CALL FUNCTION 'JOB_OPEN'
    EXPORTING
      jobname  = rdd_jobname
    IMPORTING
      jobcount = rdd_jobcount
    EXCEPTIONS
      OTHERS   = 01.
  IF sy-subrc = 0.
    CALL FUNCTION 'JOB_SUBMIT'
      EXPORTING
        jobname   = rdd_jobname
        jobcount  = rdd_jobcount
        authcknam = rdd_username
        report    = rdd_report
      EXCEPTIONS
        OTHERS    = 01.
    IF sy-subrc = 0.
*       Startdaten
      rdd_strtdate = startdate.
      rdd_strttime = starttime.
      CALL FUNCTION 'JOB_CLOSE'
        EXPORTING
          jobname   = rdd_jobname
          sdlstrtdt = rdd_strtdate
          sdlstrttm = rdd_strttime
          jobcount  = rdd_jobcount
        EXCEPTIONS
          OTHERS    = 01.

    ENDIF.
    IF sy-subrc NE 0.
      return_code = sy-subrc.
      CALL FUNCTION 'BP_JOB_DELETE'
        EXPORTING
          jobcount = rdd_jobcount
          jobname  = rdd_jobname
        EXCEPTIONS
          OTHERS   = 0.
      sy-subrc = return_code.
    ENDIF.
  ENDIF.
  IF sy-subrc NE 0.
    MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE 'S' NUMBER sy-msgno.
  ENDIF.

ENDFORM.

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START-OF-SELECTION.

* Einplanen Neuer Verwendungsnachweis falls noch niemals gelaufen oder

* neue Version gebraucht wird.

PERFORM schedule_wul_job.

FORM schedule_wul_job.

DATA:

l_sap_cus TYPE sysysid,

l_job_program TYPE syrepid,

l_job_start_date TYPE tbtco-sdlstrtdt,

l_job_start_time TYPE tbtco-sdlstrttm,

l_job_exists TYPE abap_bool,

l_seltype(8) TYPE c,

l_sap TYPE sychar01,

l_version_wrong TYPE sychar01,

l_upgrade_or_sp TYPE sychar01.

* Prüfen, ob SAP internes System

CALL FUNCTION 'TR_SYS_PARAMS'

IMPORTING

systemtype = l_sap_cus

EXCEPTIONS

OTHERS = 0.

CALL FUNCTION 'RS_WHERE_USED_LIST_CHECK_STATE'

IMPORTING

version_wrong = l_version_wrong

upgrade_or_sp = l_upgrade_or_sp

sap = l_sap.

IF l_version_wrong NE space OR

* In SAP internen Systemen wird auch bei Upgrade oder SP neuer Index aufgebaut

( l_upgrade_or_sp NE space AND l_sap_cus = 'SAP' ).

IF l_sap = abap_true.

l_job_program = 'SAPRSEUB'.

ELSE.

l_job_program = 'SAPRSEUC'.

ENDIF.

IF l_seltype = 'SAP'.

l_job_program = 'SAPRSEUB'.

ELSEIF l_seltype = 'CLIENT'.

l_job_program = 'SAPRSEUC'.

ENDIF.

l_job_start_date = sy-datum.

l_job_start_time = '200000'. " 20:00

IF sy-uzeit GE l_job_start_time.

l_job_start_date = sy-datum + 1.

ENDIF.

PERFORM read_job USING 'EU_INIT' l_job_program l_job_exists.

IF l_job_exists = space.

PERFORM generate_job

USING 'EU_INIT' l_job_program

l_job_start_date l_job_start_time.

ENDIF.

ENDFORM.

FORM read_job USING jobname programname found.

* INCLUDE lbtchdef. " the INCLUDE statement is commented out and the 'btc_...' constants below are replaced,

" otherwise there are package check errors (rd 12/2006)

DATA: l_job_set TYPE tbtco OCCURS 0,

l_job TYPE tbtco.

DATA BEGIN OF step_list OCCURS 1.

INCLUDE STRUCTURE tbtcstep.

DATA END OF step_list.

found = space.

CLEAR l_job_set.

SELECT * FROM tbtco

INTO TABLE l_job_set

WHERE ( jobname = jobname OR jobname = 'SAPRSEUB'

OR jobname = 'SAPRSEUC' OR jobname = 'SAPRSEUD' )

AND

status IN ('S','Z','R') . " btc_released, btc_put_active, btc_running

CHECK sy-subrc = 0. " E X I T

CLEAR l_job.

LOOP AT l_job_set INTO l_job.

CLEAR step_list. REFRESH step_list.

CALL FUNCTION 'BP_JOB_READ'

EXPORTING

job_read_jobcount = l_job-jobcount

job_read_jobname = l_job-jobname

job_read_opcode = 20 " btc_read_all_jobdata

TABLES

job_read_steplist = step_list

EXCEPTIONS

OTHERS = 01.

CHECK sy-subrc = 0. " E X I T

LOOP AT step_list. "#EC CI_NOORDER

IF step_list-program = programname.

found = abap_true.

EXIT. "#EC CI_NOORDER

ENDIF.

ENDLOOP.

ENDFORM.

FORM generate_job USING jobname programname

startdate starttime.

DATA: rdd_jobname LIKE tbtco-jobname,

rdd_report LIKE sy-repid,

rdd_username LIKE tbtco-authcknam,

rdd_strttime LIKE tbtco-sdlstrttm,

rdd_strtdate LIKE tbtco-sdlstrtdt,

rdd_jobcount LIKE tbtco-jobcount,

return_code LIKE sy-subrc.

rdd_username = sy-uname.

rdd_jobname = jobname.

rdd_report = programname.

CALL FUNCTION 'JOB_OPEN'

EXPORTING

jobname = rdd_jobname

IMPORTING

jobcount = rdd_jobcount

EXCEPTIONS

OTHERS = 01.

IF sy-subrc = 0.

CALL FUNCTION 'JOB_SUBMIT'

EXPORTING

jobname = rdd_jobname

jobcount = rdd_jobcount

authcknam = rdd_username

report = rdd_report

EXCEPTIONS

OTHERS = 01.

IF sy-subrc = 0.

* Startdaten

rdd_strtdate = startdate.

rdd_strttime = starttime.

CALL FUNCTION 'JOB_CLOSE'

EXPORTING

jobname = rdd_jobname

sdlstrtdt = rdd_strtdate

sdlstrttm = rdd_strttime

jobcount = rdd_jobcount

EXCEPTIONS

OTHERS = 01.

ENDIF.

IF sy-subrc NE 0.

return_code = sy-subrc.

CALL FUNCTION 'BP_JOB_DELETE'

EXPORTING

jobcount = rdd_jobcount

jobname = rdd_jobname

EXCEPTIONS

OTHERS = 0.

sy-subrc = return_code.

ENDIF.

IF sy-subrc NE 0.

MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE 'S' NUMBER sy-msgno.

ENDIF.

ENDFORM.

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